1. Isishwankathelo seNkqubo yoKwahlula i-Adsorption
I-Adsorption ithetha ukuba xa ulwelo (irhasi okanye ulwelo) ludibana nento eqinileyo enemingxuma, inxenye enye okanye ngaphezulu kulwelo ikhutshelwa kumphezulu ongaphandle wento enemingxuma kunye nomphezulu ongaphakathi wemicropores ukutyebisa kule miphezulu. yenza umaleko we-monomolecular okanye inkqubo yeemolekyuli ezininzi.
I-fluid i-adsorbed ibizwa ngokuba yi-adsorbate, kwaye amasuntswana aqinileyo angama-porous ngokwawo abizwa ngokuba yi-adsorbent.
Ngenxa yeempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ze-adsorbate kunye ne-adsorbent, umthamo we-adsorption we-adsorbent kwii-adsorbetes ezahlukeneyo nazo zihluke.Ngokukhetha okuphezulu kwe-adsorption, amacandelo esigaba se-adsorption kunye nesigaba sokufunxa sinokutyetyiswa, ukuze kuqondwe ukwahlulwa kwezinto.
2. Inkqubo ye-Adsorption / desorption
Inkqubo ye-Adsorption: Inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengenkqubo yoxinaniso okanye njengenkqubo yotywala.Ke ngoko, okukhona iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi kunye nokunyuka koxinzelelo, kokukhona amandla e-adsorption aphezulu.Kuzo zonke ii-adsorbents, iigesi eziye zanyibilika ngokulula (kwindawo yokubilisa ephezulu) zithe zanda kakhulu, kwaye ezona zinganyibilikiyo (indawo yokubila esezantsi) zibonakala zisezantsi.
Inkqubo ye-Desorption: Inokuthi ithathwe njengenkqubo ye-gasification okanye i-volatilization.Ke ngoko, okukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olusezantsi, kokukhona i-desorption igqibelele.Kuzo zonke ii-sorbents, iigesi ezinolwelo oluthe kratya (indawo yokubilisa ephezulu) azifane zinciphe, kwaye iirhasi ezinganyibilikiyo (kwindawo ebilayo esezantsi) zixutywa lula.
3. Umgaqo wokuhlukana kwe-adsorption kunye nokuhlelwa kwayo
I-Adsorption yahlulwe ibe yi-adsorption ebonakalayo kunye ne-adsorption yeekhemikhali.
Umgaqo wokwahlula i-adsorption ngokomzimba: Ukwahlula kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa umahluko kwi-adsorption force (i-van der Waals force, i-electrostatic force) phakathi kwe-athomu okanye amaqela kumhlaba oqinileyo kunye neeathomu zangaphandle.Ubungakanani bamandla e-adsorption bunxulumene neempawu zombini kunye ne-adsorbent.
Umgaqo wokuhlukana kweekhemikhali ze-adsorption zisekelwe kwinkqubo ye-adsorption apho i-chemical reaction yenzeke kumphezulu we-adsorbent eqinile ukudibanisa i-adsorbate kunye ne-adsorbent kunye ne-chemical bond, ngoko ke ukhetho lunamandla.I-Chemisorption iyacotha ngokubanzi, inokwenza kuphela i-monolayer kwaye ayinakuguqulwa.
4. Iintlobo ze-Adsorbent eziqhelekileyo
Ii-adsorbents eziqhelekileyo ziquka: i-molecular sieves, i-activated carbon, i-silica gel, kunye ne-alumina esebenzayo.
Isihluzo semolekyuli: Inesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo setshaneli yemicroporous, enommandla othile omalunga ne-500-1000m²/g, ubukhulu becala i-micropores, kunye nobukhulu bokuhanjiswa kwepore kuphakathi kwe-0.4-1nm.Iimpawu ze-adsorption ze-molecular sieves zingatshintshwa ngokulungelelanisa isakhiwo se-molecular sieve, ukubunjwa kunye nohlobo lwe-counter cations.Izihluzo zemolekyuli zixhomekeke ubukhulu becala kubume bepore obubonakalayo kunye nentsimi yamandla e-Coulomb phakathi kwe-cation elinganayo kunye nesikhokelo se-molecular sieve ukuvelisa i-adsorption.Zinozinzo oluhle lwe-thermal kunye ne-hydrothermal kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwahluleni nasekuhlambulukeni kwezigaba ezahlukeneyo zegesi kunye nolwelo.I-adsorbent ineempawu zokukhetha okunamandla, ubunzulu be-adsorption ephezulu kunye nomthamo omkhulu we-adsorption xa usetyenziswa;
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo: Inemicropore etyebileyo kunye nesakhiwo se-mesopore, indawo ethile yomphezulu imalunga ne-500-1000m²/g, kwaye ubukhulu bepore bosasazo buphakathi kwe-2-50nm.Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ixhomekeke ikakhulu kumandla e-van der Waals eveliswa yi-adsorbate ukuvelisa i-adsorption, kwaye isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-adsorption ye-organic compounds, i-hydrocarbon enzima ye-organic adsorption kunye nokususwa, i-deodorant, njl.
Ijeli ye-silica: Indawo ethe ngqo yomphezulu we-silica gel-based adsorbents imalunga ne-300-500m²/g, ingakumbi i-mesoporous, enobungakanani bepore yosasazo lwe-2-50nm, kwaye umphezulu ongaphakathi wemibhobho utyebile kumaqela omphezulu we-hydroxyl.Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukomisa i-adsorption kunye noxinzelelo lwe-swing adsorption ukuvelisa i-CO₂, njl.;
I-alumina esebenzayo: Indawo ethile yomphezulu yi-200-500m²/g, ubukhulu becala i-mesopores, kunye nobukhulu bokuhanjiswa kwepore yi-2-50nm.Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukomisa kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukucocwa kwegesi yenkunkuma ye-asidi, njl.
