Ukunika ukuqonda okubanzi kolwakhiwo, umgaqo wokusebenza, iingenelo kunye nokungeloncedo kwe-axial flow compressors.
Ulwazi malunga ne-axial compressors
I-Axial flow compressors kunye ne-centrifugal compressors zombini zezohlobo lwe-speed compressors, kwaye zombini zibizwa ngokuba zii-turbine compressors;intsingiselo ye-speed type compressors ithetha ukuba imigaqo yabo yokusebenza ixhomekeke kwii-blades ukwenza umsebenzi kwi-gas, kwaye kuqala yenza ukuhamba kwegesi Isantya sokuhamba sinyuka kakhulu ngaphambi kokuguqula amandla e-kinetic kumandla oxinzelelo.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-centrifugal compressor, ekubeni ukuhamba kwegesi kwicompressor akukho kwicala le-radial, kodwa kwicala le-axial, eyona nto inkulu ye-axial flow compressor kukuba umthamo wokuhamba kwegesi kwindawo nganye yeyunithi inkulu, kwaye iyafana. Ngaphantsi kwesiseko somthamo wegesi yokusetyenzwa, i-radial dimension incinci, ilungele iimeko ezifuna ukuhamba okukhulu.Ukongeza, i-axial flow compressor nayo ineenzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza ngokulula kunye nokugcinwa.Nangona kunjalo, ngokucacileyo ingaphantsi kwiicompressor ze-centrifugal ngokweprofayili ye-blade enzima, iimfuno zenkqubo yokwenziwa okuphezulu, indawo esebenza kancinci ezinzileyo, kunye noluhlu lohlengahlengiso oluncinci lokuhamba ngesantya esingaguqukiyo.
Lo mzobo ulandelayo ngumzobo wesicwangciso sesakhiwo se-AV series axial flow compressor:
1. Itshizi
I-casing ye-axial flow compressor yenzelwe ukwahlulwa ngokuthe tye kwaye yenziwe ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo (intsimbi).Ineempawu zokuqina okuhle, akukho deformation, ukufunxa ingxolo kunye nokunciphisa ukungcangcazela.Qinisa ngeebholiti ukudibanisa iihafu eziphezulu nezisezantsi zibe yinto eyomeleleyo ngokupheleleyo.
I-casing ixhaswa kwisiseko kumanqaku amane, kwaye iingongoma ezine zokuxhasa zibekwe kumacala omabini e-casing ephantsi kufuphi nendawo ephakathi, ukwenzela ukuba inkxaso yeyunithi ibe nokuzinza okulungileyo.Amanqaku amabini enkxaso amane ngamanqaku azinzileyo, kwaye amanye amabini ngamanqaku okuslayida.Inxalenye engezantsi ye-casing iphinde ibonelele ngezitshixo ezimbini zesikhokelo ecaleni kwendlela ye-axial, ezisetyenziselwa ukwandiswa kwe-thermal yeyunithi ngexesha lokusebenza.
Kwiiyunithi ezinkulu, indawo yokuxhasa i-sliding ixhaswa yi-bracket ye-swing, kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ukwanda kwe-thermal kuncinci kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lokuphakama kweziko leyunithi.Ukongezelela, inkxaso ephakathi imiselwe ukunyusa ukuqina kweyunithi.
2. Isilinda esithwele i-vane
I-vane emileyo ethwele isilinda sisilinda senkxaso yeevane ezilungelelanisiweyo zecompressor.Yenziwe njengoqhekeko oluthe tye.Ubungakanani bejometri bunqunywe yi-aerodynamic design, eyona nto ingundoqo yoyilo lwesakhiwo se-compressor.Iringi yokungena ihambelana nesiphelo sokungena kwe-vane ephethe isilinda, kwaye i-diffuser ihambelana nesiphelo sokukhupha.Zidibene ngokulandelanayo kunye ne-casing kunye ne-sleeve yokutywina ukwenza i-converging passage yesiphelo sokungena kunye nokwandiswa kokuphela kokuphela.Umjelo kunye nomjelo owenziwe yi-rotor kunye ne-vane bearing cylinder zidityanisiwe ukwenza umjelo opheleleyo wokuhamba komoya we-axial flow compressor.
Umzimba we-cylinder we-vane ethwele i-cylinder uphoswe kwi-iron ductile kwaye yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ngomatshini.Iziphelo ezimbini zixhaswa ngokulandelelana kwi-casing, isiphelo esikufutshane necala lokukhupha liyinkxaso ye-sliding, kwaye isiphelo kufuphi necala lokungenisa umoya luyinkxaso esisigxina.
Kukho izikhokelo ezijikeleziswayo kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo kunye neebheringi ze-vane ezizenzekelayo, iikranki, izilayidi, njl.Ukuthwala amagqabi amileyo yi-inki engqukuva enesiphumo esihle sokuzithambisa, kwaye ubomi bayo benkonzo bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25, ekhuselekileyo nethembekileyo.Umsesane wokutywina we-silicone ufakwe kwi-vane stalk ukukhusela ukuvuza kwegesi kunye nokungena kothuli.Ukuzalisa imichilo yokutywinwa kubonelelwa kwisangqa sangaphandle sokuphela kwe-cylinder yokuthwala kunye nokuxhaswa kwe-casing ukukhusela ukuvuza.
3. Isilinda sohlengahlengiso kunye nendlela yokulungelelanisa i-vane
I-cylinder yokulungelelanisa idityaniswe ngamacwecwe ensimbi, ihlukaniswe ngokuthe tye, kwaye indawo ephakathi yokwahlula idibaniswe ngamabholiti, anokuqina okuphezulu.Ixhaswa ngaphakathi kwe-casing kumanqaku amane, kwaye iibherethi ezine zokuxhasa zenziwe nge-non-lubricated "Du" metal.Amanqaku amabini kwicala elinye avaliwe, avumela ukunyakaza kwe-axial;amanqaku amabini kwelinye icala aphuhlisiwe Uhlobo luvumela ukwanda kwe-axial kunye ne-radial thermal, kunye namakhonkco esikhokelo sezigaba ezahlukeneyo ze-vanes zifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder yokulungisa.
Indlela yokulungelelanisa i-stator blade yenziwe nge-servo motor, ipleyiti yokudibanisa, i-cylinder yokulungelelanisa kunye ne-cylinder yokuxhasa i-blade.Umsebenzi wayo kukulungelelanisa i-angle ye-stator blades kuwo onke amanqanaba e-compressor ukuhlangabezana neemeko zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo.Iimoto ezimbini ze-servo zifakwe kumacala omabini e-compressor kwaye zidibene ne-cylinder yokulungelelanisa ngokusebenzisa ipleyiti yokudibanisa.I-servo motor, isikhululo se-oyile samandla, umbhobho weoyile, kunye neseti yezixhobo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo zenza indlela ye-hydraulic servo yokulungelelanisa i-angle ye-vane.Xa i-oyile ye-130bar yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olusuka kwisikhululo se-oyile samandla sisebenza, ipiston ye-servo motor iyatyhalwa ukuba ihambe, kwaye ipleyiti yokudibanisa iqhubela isilinda sohlengahlengiso ukuba sihambe ngokuhambelanayo kwicala le-axial, kwaye isilayidi siqhuba i-stator vane ukujikeleza. ngokusebenzisa crank, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokulungelelanisa i-engile ye-vane ye-stator.Inokubonwa kwiimfuno zoyilo lwe-aerodynamic ukuba isixa sohlengahlengiso lwe-angle ye-vane yenqanaba ngalinye le-compressor yahlukile, kwaye ngokubanzi isixa sohlengahlengiso siyancipha ngokulandelelana ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuya kwinqanaba lokugqibela, elinokuqondwa ngokukhetha ubude. of the crank, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuya kwinqanaba lokugqibela ukwandisa ubude.
I-cylinder yokulungelelanisa ikwabizwa ngokuba "yi-cylinder ephakathi" kuba ibekwe phakathi kwe-casing kunye ne-blade ephethe i-cylinder, ngelixa i-casing kunye ne-cylinder ephethe i-blade ibizwa ngokuba "i-cylinder yangaphandle" kunye "ne-cylinder yangaphakathi" ngokulandelanayo.Esi sakhiwo se-cylinder esinemigangatho emithathu sinciphisa kakhulu ukuguqulwa kunye nokuxinzezeleka koxinzelelo lweyunithi ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuthintela ukulungelelanisa uthuli kunye nomonakalo womatshini obangelwa yizinto zangaphandle.
4. i-rotor kunye neeblades
I-rotor iqulethwe yi-shaft ephambili, i-blades ehambayo kuwo onke amanqanaba, iibhloko ze-spacer, amaqela okuvala i-blade, ii-bee blades, njl.
I-spindle yenziwe ngentsimbi ephezulu ye-alloy.Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zezinto eziphambili ze-shaft kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokungqongqo kwaye kuhlalutywe, kwaye isalathisi sokusebenza sihlolwe yibhloko yovavanyo.Emva komatshini obunzima, uvavanyo olusebenzayo olushushu luyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwayo kwe-thermal kunye nokuphelisa inxalenye yoxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.Emva kokuba ezi zikhombisi zingentla zifanelekile, zinokufakwa ekugqibeni umatshini.Emva kokugqiba ukugqiba, ukuhlolwa kombala okanye ukuhlolwa kwe-particle magnetic kuyadingeka kwiijenali kuzo zombini iziphelo, kwaye ukuqhekeka akuvumelekanga.
Amagqabi ahambayo kunye neentsimbi ezimileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi engenanto yokubumba i-blank blanks, kwaye izinto eziluhlaza kufuneka zihlolwe ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zomatshini, i-non-metallic slag inclusions kunye nokuqhekeka.Emva kokuba i-blade ikhazimlisiwe, ukuqhunyiswa kwesanti emanzi kuyenziwa ukunyusa ukumelana nokudinwa komhlaba.I-blade yokwenza idinga ukulinganisa ukuphindaphinda, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka ilungise ukuphindaphinda.
Amagqabi ashukumayo enqanaba ngalinye afakwe kwigroove ejikelezayo emile okwengca yomthi ecaleni kwendlela ejikelezayo, kwaye iibhloko ze-spacer zisetyenziselwa ukubeka amaphiko amabini, kwaye iibhloko ze-spacer zokutshixa zisetyenziselwa ukubeka kunye nokutshixa amaphiko amabini ashukumayo. efakwe ekupheleni kwesigaba ngasinye.iqinile.
Kukho iidiski ezimbini zokulinganisela ezicutshungulwayo kuzo zombini iziphelo zevili, kwaye kulula ukulinganisa ubunzima kwiindiza ezimbini.I-balance plate kunye ne-sleeve yokutywina yenza i-balance piston, esebenza ngombhobho webhalansi ukulinganisa inxalenye ye-axial force eyenziwa yi-pneumatic, ukunciphisa umthwalo kwi-thrust bear, kwaye wenze ukuthwala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
5. Indlala
Kukho imikhono ye-shaft ekupheleni kwetywina kwicala lokungena kunye necala lokukhupha le-compressor ngokulandelanayo, kwaye iipleyiti zokutywina ezifakwe kwiindawo ezihambelanayo ze-rotor zenza i-labyrinth seal ukukhusela ukuvuza kwegesi kunye ne-seapage yangaphakathi.Ukuze kuququzelelwe ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa, kulungelelaniswa ngebhloko yokulungelelanisa kwisangqa sangaphandle somkhono wokutywina.
6. Ibhokisi yokuthwala
Iibheringi zeRadial kunye ne-thrust bearings zicwangciswe kwibhokisi yokuthwala, kwaye ioli yokuthambisa iibheringi iqokelelwa kwibhokisi yokuthwala kwaye ibuyiselwe kwitanki yeoli.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-bottom of the box ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sesikhokelo (xa sidityanisiwe), esisebenzisana nesiseko sokwenza iziko leyunithi kunye nokwandisa i-thermal kwi-axial direction.Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezihlukeneyo, izitshixo ezintathu zesikhokelo zifakwe phantsi kwecala ukuququzelela ukwanda kwe-thermal yezindlu.Iqhosha lesikhokelo se-axial likwacwangciswe kwelinye icala le-casing ukuze litshatise i-casing.Ibhokisi ephetheyo ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokubeka iliso ezifana nokulinganisa ubushushu, umlinganiselo we-rotor vibration, kunye ne-shaft displacement measurement.
7. ukuzala
Uninzi lwe-axial thrust ye-rotor ithwalwa yi-balance plate, kwaye i-axial thrust eseleyo malunga ne-20 ~ 40kN ithwalwa yi-thrust bear.I-thrust pads inokulungelelaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokobukhulu bomthwalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo kwi-pad nganye usasazwa ngokulinganayo.I-thrust pads zenziwe nge-carbon steel cast Babbitt alloy.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeebheringi zeradial.Iicompressors ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nesantya esisezantsi zisebenzisa ii-elliptical bearings, kunye necompressors ezinamandla aphantsi kunye nesantya esiphezulu zisebenzisa iibheringi zeepadi zokuthambeka.
Iiyunithi ezinkulu zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-jacking ukuze kube lula ukuqala.Ipompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ivelisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-80MPa ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye i-pool ye-oyile ephezulu ifakwe phantsi kwe-radial bear ukuphakamisa i-rotor kunye nokunciphisa ukuqala ukumelana.Emva kokuqala, uxinzelelo lweoyile luyehla ukuya kwi-5 ~ 15MPa.
I-axial flow compressor isebenza phantsi kweemeko zoyilo.Xa iimeko zokusebenza zitshintsha, indawo yayo yokusebenza iya kushiya indawo yokuyila kwaye ifake indawo yokusebenza engekho yoyilo.Ngeli xesha, imeko yangempela yokuhamba komoya ihluke kwimeko yokusebenza yoyilo., kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezithile, imeko yokuhamba engazinzanga iyenzeka.Ngokwembono yangoku, kukho iimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ezingazinzanga: ezizezi, imeko ejikelezayo yokusebenza kwendawo yokutyela, imeko yokusebenza etyhutyhayo kunye nokuthintela imeko yokusebenza, kwaye ezi meko zintathu zokusebenza zezezimo zokusebenza ezingazinzanga emoyeni.
Xa i-axial flow compressor isebenza phantsi kwezi meko zokusebenza ezingazinzanga, kungekuphela nje ukuba ukusebenza kokusebenza kuya kuhla kakhulu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukunyakaza okunamandla kuya kwenzeka, ukwenzela ukuba umatshini awukwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye neengozi ezimbi kakhulu ziya kwenzeka.
1. Isitali esijikelezayo se-axial flow compressor
Ummandla ophakathi kobuncinci be-angle ye-vane emileyo kunye nomgca we-angle ophantsi wokusebenza we-curve ye-axial flow compressor ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yokujikeleza ejikelezayo, kwaye i-stall ejikelezayo yahlulahlulwe ibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-progressive stall kunye ne-slill ngokukhawuleza.Xa umthamo womoya ungaphantsi komda wokujikeleza wokujikeleza we-axial-flow main fan, ukuhamba komoya ngasemva kwe-blade kuya kuphuka, kwaye ukuhamba komoya ngaphakathi kumatshini kuya kwenza ukuhamba kwe-pulsating, okuya kubangela ukuba i-blade ihambe. ukuvelisa uxinzelelo olutshintshanayo kwaye kubangele umonakalo wokudinwa.
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuma, umqhubi kufuneka aqhelane negophe leempawu ze-injini, kwaye adlule kwindawo yokumisa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuqalisa inkqubo.Ngethuba lenkqubo yokusebenza, i-angle ye-stator blade encinci ayifanele ibe ngaphantsi kwexabiso elichaziweyo ngokwemigaqo yomenzi.
2. I-Axial Compressor Surge
Xa i-compressor isebenza ngokubambisana nomnatha wombhobho kunye nomthamo othile, xa i-compressor isebenza kwiqondo eliphezulu loxinzelelo kunye nesantya esiphantsi sokuhamba, emva kokuba isantya sokuhamba kwe-compressor singaphantsi kwexabiso elithile, ukuhamba komoya ngasemva kwe-arc kuya kuba. yahlulwe ngokunzulu de ipaseji ivalwe, kwaye ukuhamba komoya kuya kubetha ngamandla.Kwaye wenze i-oscillation kunye nomthamo womoya kunye nokuchasana komoya womnatha wombhobho wokuphuma.Ngeli xesha, iiparamitha zokuhamba komoya zenkqubo yenethiwekhi ziguquguquka kakhulu xa zizonke, oko kukuthi, umthamo womoya kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo ngamaxesha athile kunye nexesha kunye ne-amplitude;amandla kunye nesandi secompressor zombini zitshintsha ngamaxesha athile..Olu tshintsho lukhankanywe ngasentla lunzima kakhulu, lubangela ukuba i-fuselage ingcangcazele ngamandla, kwaye nomatshini awukwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo.Esi siganeko sibizwa ngokuba yi-surge.
Ekubeni ukuqhuma kuyinto eyenzeka kuwo wonke umatshini kunye nenkqubo yenethiwekhi, ayihambelani kuphela neempawu zokuhamba kwangaphakathi kwe-compressor, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zenethiwekhi yombhobho, kwaye i-amplitude yayo kunye ne-frequency ilawulwa ngumthamo. womnatha wombhobho.
Imiphumo yotyando idla ngokuba mibi.Iya kubangela ukuba i-compressor rotor kunye ne-stator components zingene kwi-alternating stress and fracture, ibangele ukungahambi kakuhle koxinzelelo lwe-interstage ukuze kubangele ukungcangcazela okunamandla, okukhokelela kumonakalo wetywina kunye nokutyhala iibheringi, kwaye kubangela ukuba i-rotor kunye ne-stator ingqubane., okubangela iingozi ezimandundu.Ngokukodwa kwi-high-pressure axial flow compressors, ukunyuka kunokutshabalalisa umatshini ngexesha elifutshane, ngoko ke i-compressor ayivumelekanga ukuba isebenze phantsi kweemeko zotyando.
Ukususela kolu hlalutyo lwangaphambili, kuyaziwa ukuba ukunyuka kuqala kubangelwa yi-stall yokujikeleza okubangelwa ukungalungiswa kweeparamitha ze-aerodynamic kunye neeparamitha zejometri kwi-compressor blade cascade phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo.Kodwa akuzona zonke iindawo ezijikelezayo eziya kukhokelela ekugqithiseni, oku kokugqibela kwakhona kuhambelana nenkqubo yenethiwekhi yombhobho, ngoko ke ukubunjwa kwesiganeko sokunyuka kubandakanya izinto ezimbini: ngaphakathi, kuxhomekeke kwi-axial flow compressor Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-stall ngokukhawuleza iyenzeka. ;ngaphandle, inxulumene nomthamo kunye nomgca wempawu womnatha wombhobho.Owokuqala yimbangela yangaphakathi, ngelixa le yokugqibela yimeko yangaphandle.Isizathu sangaphakathi sikhuthaza kuphela ukunyuka kunye nentsebenziswano yeemeko zangaphandle.
3. Ukuvalwa kwe-axial compressor
Ummandla we-blade throat we-compressor usisigxina.Xa izinga lokuhamba linyuka, ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-axial velocity ye-airflow, isantya esihambelanayo sokuhamba komoya sinyuka, kunye ne-angle engalunganga yokuhlaselwa (i-angle yokuhlaselwa yi-angle phakathi kolwalathiso lwe-airflow kunye ne-angle yokufakela. ye-blade inlet) nayo iyanda.Ngeli xesha, umyinge womoya ophakathi kwinqanaba elincinci le-cascade inlet liya kufikelela kwisantya sesandi, ukwenzela ukuba ukuhamba nge-compressor kuya kufikelela kwixabiso elibalulekileyo kwaye akuyi kuqhubeka nokunyuka.Lo mcimbi ubizwa ngokuba yi-blocking.Oku kuthintelwa kwee-vanes eziphambili kugqiba ukuhamba okuphezulu kwe-compressor.Xa i-exhaust pressure iyancipha, igesi kwi-compressor iya kwandisa izinga lokuhamba ngenxa yokunyuka kwevolumu yokwandisa, kwaye ukuvinjelwa kuya kwenzeka xa ukuhamba komoya kufikelela kwisantya sesandi kwi-cascade yokugqibela.Ngenxa yokuba ukuhamba komoya kwe-blade yokugqibela kuvaliwe, uxinzelelo lomoya phambi kwecala lokugqibela luyanda, kwaye uxinzelelo lomoya emva kwecala lokugqibela luyancipha, lubangele ukuhlukana koxinzelelo phakathi kwangaphambili nangasemva kwecala lokugqibela ukunyuka, ukuze amandla angaphambili nasemva kwencakuba yokugqibela akalingani kwaye uxinzelelo lunokuveliswa.bangela ukonakala kwencakuba.
Xa i-blade shape kunye ne-cascade parameters ye-axial flow compressor inqunywe, iimpawu zayo zokuthintela nazo zilungisiwe.I-Axial compressors ayivumelekanga ukuba iqhube ixesha elide kwindawo engaphantsi komgca wokukhahlela.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulawulwa kwe-anti-clogging ye-axial flow compressor ayifuni ukuba ngqongqo njengolawulo lokulwa nokunyuka, isenzo sokulawula asifunwa ukuba sikhawuleze, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokubeka indawo yokumisa uhambo.Ngokumalunga nokuseta ukulawulwa kwe-anti-clogging, kukwaxhomekeke kwicompressor ngokwayo Cela isigqibo.Abanye abavelisi baye baqwalasela ukuqiniswa kwee-blades kuyilo, ngoko banokumelana nokunyuka koxinzelelo lwe-flutter, ngoko ke akudingeki ukuba bamise ukulawulwa kokuthintela.Ukuba umenzi akacingi ukuba amandla e-blade kufuneka anyuswe xa kwenzeka into yokuthintela ekuyilweni, izixhobo zokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo kufuneka zinikezelwe.
Inkqubo yokulawula i-anti-clogging ye-axial flow compressor yile ilandelayo: i-valve ye-butterfly anti-clogging valve ifakwe kumbhobho wokuphuma we-compressor, kunye neempawu ezimbini zokufumanisa izinga lokungena kokungena kunye noxinzelelo lokuphuma ngaxeshanye igalelo umlawuli wokuchasana nokuvala.Xa i-outlet yoxinzelelo lomatshini ihla ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye indawo yokusebenza yomatshini iwela ngaphantsi komgca wokunqanda ukuvala, isignali yokuphuma yomlawuli ithunyelwa kwi-valve yokuvala i-valve ukuze ivale i-valve encinci, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lomoya luyanda. , izinga lokuhamba liyancipha, kwaye indawo yokusebenza ingena kumgca wokuchasana.Ngaphezulu komgca wokuvimba, umatshini ulahla imeko yokuthintela.
