Phantse isiqingatha samandla ombane ehlabathi asetyenziswa ziinjini, ngoko ke ukusebenza okuphezulu kweenjini kubizwa ngokuba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokusombulula iingxaki zamandla ehlabathi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ibhekisa kuguquko lwamandla aveliswa ngokuqukuqelayo kumhlaba wamagnetic ukuya kwisenzo sokujikeleza, kwaye ngengqiqo ebanzi, ikwabandakanya isenzo somgca.Ngokohlobo lonikezelo lwamandla oluqhutywa yimoto, lunokwahlulwa lube yi-DC motor kunye ne-AC motor.Ngokomgaqo wokujikeleza kwemoto, inokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo.(ngaphandle kweenjini ezikhethekileyo)
Imoto ye-AC AC Ibrashi yemoto: Imotor esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ebizwa ngokuba yiDC motor.I-electrode ebizwa ngokuthi "ibrashi" (icala le-stator) kunye "ne-commutator" (icala le-armature) zidibene ngokulandelelana ukutshintshela okwangoku, ngaloo ndlela zenza isenzo esijikelezayo.I-Brushless DC motor: Ayifuni iibrashi kunye nee-commutators, kodwa isebenzisa imisebenzi yokutshintsha efana ne-transistors ukutshintshela okwangoku kwaye wenze ukujikeleza.I-Stepper motor: Le moto isebenza ngokuhambelanayo namandla e-pulse, ke ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-pulse motor.Uphawu lwayo kukuba inokuqonda ngokulula ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kokubeka indawo.I-Asynchronous motor: I-alternating current yenza i-stator ivelise intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo, eyenza i-rotor ivelise i-current induced current kwaye ijikeleze phantsi kwentsebenziswano yayo.I-AC (i-alternating current) i-motor I-motor Synchronous: i-alternating current idala indawo ejikelezayo yamagnetic, kunye ne-rotor enezibonda zamagnetic zijikeleza ngenxa yokutsala.Umyinge wokujikeleza ungqamaniswa kunye nomthamo wamandla.
Kwindawo yangoku, imagnethi kunye namandla Okokuqala, ukuze kube lula le ngcaciso ilandelayo yomgaqo-siseko wemoto, makhe sihlolisise imithetho/imithetho esisiseko malunga nangoku, imagnethi kunye namandla.Nangona kukho uvakalelo lwe-nostalgia, kulula ukulibala olu lwazi ukuba awuwasebenzisi rhoqo izixhobo zemagneti.
Ijikeleza njani imoto?1) Imoto ijikeleza ngoncedo lweemagnethi kunye namandla kazibuthe.Ujikeleze umazibuthe osisigxina oneshafti ejikelezayo, ① Jikezisa umazibuthe (ukwenza imagnethi ejikelezayo), ② ngokomgaqo wokuba iipali ezahlukeneyo ze-N pole kunye ne-S pole ziyatsala kunye nenqanaba elifanayo lokugxotha, ③ umazibuthe unesixhobo ishaft ejikelezayo iya kujikeleza.
Umbane oqukuqelayo ocingweni ubangela umhlaba ojikelezayo wamagnetic (amandla kazibuthe) ajikeleze kuwo, ukuze umazibuthe ajikeleze, nto leyo eneneni ikwimeko yesenzo esifanayo nale.
Ukongezelela, xa ucingo lufakwe kwi-coil, amandla amagnetic ahlanganiswe, enze i-magnetic field flux (i-magnetic flux), ebangela ukuba i-N-pole kunye ne-S-pole.Ukongeza, ngokufaka umbindi wentsimbi kwikhoyilari emile okwekhoyili, imigca yemagnethi iba lula ukudlula kuyo kwaye inokuvelisa amandla ombane anamandla.2) Eyona moto ejikelezayo Apha, njengendlela esebenzayo yokujikeleza umatshini wombane, indlela yokuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo ngokusebenzisa isigaba sesithathu se-AC kunye nekhoyili iyaziswa.(Isigaba sesithathu se-AC sisignali ye-AC kunye ne-interval yesigaba se-120.) I-coil inxeba ejikeleze i-iron core yahlulwe ibe yizigaba ezithathu, kunye ne-U-phase coils, i-V-phase coils kunye ne-W-phase coils zicwangciswa ngamaxesha athile. 120. Iikhoyili ezine-voltage ephezulu zivelisa izibonda ze-N, kwaye iikhoyili ezine-voltage ephantsi zenza ii-S poles.Isigaba ngasinye sitshintsha ngokuhambelana ne-sine wave, ngoko ke i-polarity (i-N pole, i-S pole) eyenziwa yikhoyili nganye kunye nemagnethi yayo (amandla ombane) iya kutshintsha.Ngeli xesha, jonga nje iikhoyili ezenza iipali ze-N, kwaye uzitshintshe ngokolandelelwano lwe-U-phase coil →Ikhoyili yesigaba se-V →Ikhoyili yesigaba se-W →Ikhoyili yesigaba se-U, ngaloo ndlela ijikeleza.Ubume bemoto encinci Lo mzobo ulandelayo ubonisa ubume ngokubanzi kunye nothelekiso lwemoto yokunyathela, ibrashi yemoto yeDC kunye nebrashi yemoto yeDC.Amacandelo asisiseko kwezi motor ikakhulu ziikhoyili, oomazibuthe kunye neerotors.Ukongeza, ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, zahlulwe zaba luhlobo olusisigxina lwekhoyili kunye nohlobo olusisigxina lwemagnethi.
Apha, umazibuthe webrashi ye-DC motor igxininiswe ngaphandle, kwaye ikhoyili ijikeleza ngaphakathi.Ibrashi kunye ne-commutator banoxanduva lokubonelela amandla kwikhoyili kunye nokutshintsha ulwalathiso lwangoku.Apha, i-coil ye-brushless motor igxininiswe ngaphandle kwaye imagnethi ijikeleza ngaphakathi.Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjini, izakhiwo zazo ziyahluka nokuba amacandelo asisiseko ayafana.Iya kucaciswa ngokweenkcukacha kwicandelo ngalinye.Imoto ebrashiweyo Ulwakhiwo lwebrashi yemoto Oku kulandelayo yinkangeleko yebrashi yemoto yeDC edla ngokusetyenziswa kwimodeli, kunye nomzobo weskimu ogqabhukileyo wepali ezimbini eziqhelekileyo (imagnethi ezimbini) ezintathu-slot (iikhoyili ezintathu) motor.Mhlawumbi abantu abaninzi banamava okuqhaqha imotor kunye nokukhupha umazibuthe.Inokubonwa ukuba umazibuthe osisigxina webrashi yemoto yeDC ilungisiwe, kwaye icoil yebrashi yemoto yeDC inokujikeleza kumbindi wangaphakathi.Icala elisisigxina libizwa ngokuba yi "stator" kwaye icala elijikelezayo libizwa ngokuba yi "rotor".
Umgaqo ojikelezayo webhrashi yemoto ① Jikelezisa ngokunxamnye newotshi ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala iCoil A iphezulu, uqhagamshela umbane kwibrashi, kwaye icala lasekhohlo libe (+) kwaye icala lasekunene libe (-).Umsinga omkhulu uqukuqela ukusuka kwibhrashi yasekhohlo ukuya kwikhoyili A ngokusebenzisa isihambisi.Esi sisakhiwo apho inxalenye ephezulu (ngaphandle) yekhoyili A iba yi-S pole.Ekubeni i-1/2 yangoku yekhoyili A ihamba isuka kwibhrashi yasekhohlo ukuya kwikhoyili B kunye nekhoyili C kwicala elichaseneyo ukuya kwikhoyili A, amacala angaphandle ekhoyili B kunye nekhoyili C iba zizibonda ezibuthathaka ze-N (ezibonakaliswa ngoonobumba abancinci kancinci umfanekiso).Imagnethi eveliswa kwezi khoyili kunye nokurhoxa kunye nokutsalwa kweemagnethi kwenza iikhoyili zijike ngokunxamnye newotshi.② ukujikeleza okungaphaya.Emva koko, kucingelwa ukuba i-brush efanelekileyo idibene nabahambi ababini kwimeko yokuba i-coil A ijikeleza ngokuphambene ne-30 degrees.Umjelo we-coil A ngokuqhubekayo uphuma kwi-brush ekhohlo ukuya kwi-brush yasekunene, kwaye icala langaphandle lekhoyili ligcina i-S pole.I-current efanayo kunye ne-coil A ihamba nge-coil B, kwaye ngaphandle kwekhoyili B iba yi-N-pole enamandla.Ekubeni zombini iziphelo zekhoyili C zifutshane-zijikelezwe ngeebrashi, akukho ukuhamba kwangoku kwaye akukho mandla ombane avelisiweyo.Nakule meko, iya kuba phantsi kwamandla ojikelezo oluchasene newotshi.Ukusuka ku-③ ukuya ku-④, icoil ephezulu isoloko ifumana amandla ashukumayo ukuya ekhohlo, kwaye icoil esezantsi ngokuqhubekayo ifumana amandla ashukumayo ukuya ngasekunene, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokujikeleza ngasekunene.Xa icoil ijikeleza ukuya ③ kunye ④ rhoqo degrees 30, xa ikhoyili ibekwe ngaphezu kwe-axis esembindini oxwesileyo, icala elingaphandle ikhoyili iba S pole;Xa ikhoyili ibekwe ngezantsi, iba N pole, kwaye le ntshukumo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.Ngamanye amazwi, i-coil ephezulu ixhomekeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumandla ahamba ngakwesobunxele, kwaye i-coil ephantsi iphantsi ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi kwamandla ahamba ngasekunene (zombini ngokuphambene).Oku kubangela ukuba i-rotor ihlale ijikeleza ngokuphambene.Ukuba unikezelo lwamandla luqhagamshelwe kwibhrashi yasekhohlo echaseneyo (-) kunye nebhrashi yasekunene (+), indawo enezibuthe eneendlela ezichaseneyo iya kwenziwa kwikhoyili, ngoko ke icala lamandla elisetyenziswe kwikhoyili likwachasana, lijika ngasekunene. .Ukongezelela, xa ukunikezelwa kwamandla kunqanyuliwe, i-rotor ye-brush motor iya kuyeka ukujikeleza ngenxa yokuba akukho ndawo yamagnetic ukuyigcina ijikeleza.Inqanaba lesithathu elipheleleyo-wave brushless motor Imbonakalo kunye nolwakhiwo lwenqanaba lesithathu eligcweleyo
Umzobo wesakhiwo sangaphakathi kunye nesekethe elinganayo yoqhagamshelo lwekhoyili yenqanaba lesithathu elipheleleyo-wave-wave brushless motor Okulandelayo ngumzobo oqingqiweyo wesakhiwo sangaphakathi kunye nomzobo wesekethe olinganayo woqhagamshelo lwekhoyili.Umzobo wesakhiwo sangaphakathi ngumzekelo olula we-2-pole (2 imagnethi) i-3-slot (3 iikhoyili) motor.Iyafana nesakhiwo semoto yebrashi enenani elifanayo leepali kunye neendawo zokubeka, kodwa icala lekhoyili lilungisiwe kwaye umazibuthe unokujikeleza.Ewe, akukho brashi.Kule meko, i-coil ithatha indlela yokudibanisa i-Y, kwaye i-semiconductor element isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngoku kwi-coil, kwaye i-inflow kunye nokuphuma kwangoku kulawulwa ngokuhambelana nendawo yemagnethi ejikelezayo.Kulo mzekelo, indawo yeHolo isetyenziselwa ukubona indawo yemagnethi.Indawo yeHolo icwangciswe phakathi kweekhoyili, kwaye ibona i-voltage eyenziwe ngokwamandla ombane kwaye iyisebenzise njengolwazi lwendawo.Kumfanekiso we-FDD spindle motor enikwe ngaphambili, kunokubonwa kwakhona ukuba kukho iHolo element (ngaphezulu kwekhoyili) phakathi kwekhoyili kunye nekhoyili ukuze ibone indawo.IHolo element yinzwa eyaziwayo yamagnetic.Ubungakanani bommandla wamagnetic bunokuguqulwa bube ngubukhulu bombane, kwaye ulwalathiso lwemagnethi lunokubonakaliswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokubi.
Umgaqo ojikelezayo wenqanaba lesithathu elipheleleyo-wave brushless motor Okulandelayo, umgaqo wokujikeleza wemoto engena brush uya kuchazwa ngokwamanyathelo ① ~ ⑥.Ukuqonda lula, umazibuthe osisigxina wenziwa lula ukusuka kwisetyhula ukuya kuxande apha.① Kwinqanaba lesithathu lekhoyili, vumela ikhoyili 1 ilungiswe kwicala le-12 yewotshi, i-coil yesi-2 ilungiswe kwi-4 yecala yewotshi, kwaye i-coil yesi-3 ilungiswe kwi-8. intsimbi kwicala lewotshi.Vumela i-N pole ye-2-pole yemagnethi esisigxina ibe ngasekhohlo kunye ne-S pole ibe ngasekunene, kwaye inokujikeleza.I-Io yangoku iqukuqela kwi-coil 1 ukuvelisa i-S-pole magnetic field ngaphandle kwekhoyili.I-Io / 2 yangoku iphuma kwi-coil 2 kunye ne-coil 3 ukuvelisa i-N-pole magnetic field ngaphandle kwekhoyili.Xa imimandla magnetic yekhoyili yesi-2 kunye ne-3 yekhoyili i-vector-synthesized, i-N-pole magnetic field yenziwa ezantsi, ephindwe ka-0.5 ubukhulu bemagnethi eyenziwe xa i-Io yangoku idlula kwikhoyili enye, kwaye xa idityaniswe kwi-magnetic field. intsimi yekhoyili 1, iba ngamaxesha angama-1.5.Oku kuya kuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic edibeneyo kunye ne-angle ye-90 ngokumalunga nemagnethi esisigxina, ngoko ke i-torque ephezulu inokuveliswa kwaye imagnethi esisigxina ijikeleza ngewotshi.Xa i-current ye-coil 2 iyancipha kwaye i-current ye-coil 3 inyuswa ngokwendawo yokujikeleza, umphumo wemagnethi uphinde ujikeleze nge-clockwise, kwaye umazibuthe osisigxina uyaqhubeka nokujikeleza.② Xa ujikelezwa ngama-degrees angama-30, i-Io yangoku igeleza kwi-coil 1, ukwenzela ukuba i-current in the coil 2 ibe yi-zero, kwaye i-Io yangoku iphuma kwi-coil 3. Icala langaphandle le-coil 1 liba yi-S pole, kwaye icala elingaphandle lekhoyili 3 liba yi-N pole.Xa ii-vectors zidityanisiwe, i-magnetic field eyenziwe ngu-√3 (≈1.72) amaxesha avelisiweyo xa i-Io yangoku idlula kwikhoyili.Oku kuya kuvelisa isiphumo semagnethi kwi-engile ye-90 ngokubhekiselele kumhlaba wemagnethi wemagnethi esisigxina, kwaye ujikeleze ngasekunene.Xa i-Inflow yangoku ye-Io ye-coil 1 iyancipha ngokwendawo yokujikeleza, i-current inflow ye-coil 2 inyuswa ukusuka kwi-zero, kwaye ukuphuma kwangoku kwe-coil 3 kwandiswe kwi-Io, i-magnetic field iphinda ijikeleze i-clockwise, kwaye umazibuthe osisigxina uyaqhubeka nokujikeleza.Kucingelwa ukuba isigaba ngasinye sangoku si-sinusoidal, ixabiso langoku ngu-io× isono (π 3) = io× √ 32. Ngokudibanisa i-vector ye-magnetic field, i-total magnetic field (√ 32) 2× 2 = 1.5 amaxesha imagnethi eveliswa yikhoyili.※.Xa isigaba ngasinye sangoku siyi-sine wave, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imagnethi esisigxina iphi na, ubukhulu be-vector composite magnetic field yi-1.5 yamaxesha ombane owenziwe yi-coil, kunye ne-magnetic field yenza i-angle ye-90-degree ngokumalunga ummandla wemagnethi wemagnethi esisigxina.③ Kwimeko yokuqhubeka ukujikeleza ngamadigri angama-30, i-Io/2 yangoku iqukuqela kwikhoyili 1, i-Io/2 yangoku iqukuqela kwikhoyili yesi-2, kwaye i-Io yangoku iphuma kwikhoyili 3. Icala elingaphandle lekhoyili 1 liba yi-S pole. , icala elingaphandle lekhoyili yesi-2 liba yi-S pole, kwaye icala elingaphandle lekhoyili yesi-3 liba yi-N pole.Xa ii-vectors zidityanisiwe, i-magnetic field eyenziwe ngamaxesha e-1.5 eyenziwa xa i-Io yangoku ihamba ngekhoyili (efana ne-①).Apha, indawo yokwenziwa kazibuthe ene-engile yeedigri ezingama-90 ngokunxulumene nemagnethi yemagnethi esisigxina nayo iya kuveliswa kwaye ijikelezwe ngokwewotshi.④～⑥ Jikelezisa ngendlela efanayo ① ~ ③.Ngale ndlela, ukuba i-current flowing kwi-coil iguqulwa ngokuqhubekayo ngokwendawo yemagnethi esisigxina, imagnethi esisigxina iya kujikeleza ngendlela echanekileyo.Ngokufanayo, ukuba i-current igeleza kwicala elichaseneyo kwaye i-synthetic magnetic field iguqulwa, iya kujikeleza ngokuphambene.Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa umjelo wekhoyili nganye kwinyathelo ngalinye ukusuka ku-① ukuya ku-⑥.Ngentshayelelo engentla, kufuneka sikwazi ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kotshintsho lwangoku kunye nokujikeleza.I-stepmotor Ukunyathela imotor luhlobo lwemoto enokulawula i-engile yokujikeleza kunye nesantya esihambelanayo kunye ngokuchanekileyo kunye nomqondiso we-pulse.Imoto yokunyathela ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "pulse motor".Imoto yokunyathela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisixhobo esifuna ukubekwa kuba inokubona indawo echanekileyo kuphela ngolawulo oluvulekileyo lweloop ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isivamvo sendawo.Ubume bemoto yokunyathela (i-bipolar yesigaba ezibini) Kwimizekelo yembonakalo, ukubonakala kwe-HB (i-hybrid) kunye ne-PM (imagnethi esisigxina) inikwe iimotor.Umzobo wesakhiwo phakathi kwakhona ubonisa ubume be-HB kunye ne-PM.I-Stepper motor sisakhiwo esinekhoyili esisigxina kunye nemagnethi ejikelezayo ejikelezayo.Umzobo wengqiqo yesakhiwo sangaphakathi sokunyathela i-motor ngasekunene ngumzekelo we-PM motor usebenzisa izigaba ezibini (amaqela amabini) iikhoyili.Kumzekelo wesakhiwo esisisiseko semoto yokunyathela, ikhoyili icwangciswe ngaphandle kwaye umazibuthe osisigxina ucwangciswe ngaphakathi.Ukongeza kwizigaba ezibini, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeekhoyili ezinezigaba ezintathu kunye nezigaba ezihlanu ezilinganayo.Ezinye iinjini zokunyathela zinezinye izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ukwazisa imigaqo yazo yokusebenza, eli phepha linika ubume obusisiseko beenjini zokunyathela.Ngeli nqaku, ndiyathemba ukuqonda ukuba i-motor yokunyathela ngokusisiseko ithatha ubume bokulungiswa kwekhoyili kunye nokujikeleza ngokusisigxina kwemagnethi.Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza wenjini yokunyathela (uvuselelo lwenqanaba elinye) Oku kulandelayo kusetyenziswa ukwazisa umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza wenjini yokunyathela.① Okwangoku iqukuqela ukusuka kwicala lasekhohlo lekhoyili 1 kwaye iphuma kwicala lasekunene lekhoyili 1. Ungavumeli umsinga uqukuqele ikhoyili 2. Ngeli xesha, ingaphakathi lekhoyili 1 iba nguN, kwaye ngaphakathi i-coil elungileyo 1 iba S.. Ngoko ke, umazibuthe ophakathi osisigxina utsalwa ngummandla wemagnethi we-coil 1, kwaye uyayeka kwimeko yecala lasekhohlo S kunye necala lasekunene N.. ② Yeka i-current in coil 1, ukuze langoku liqukuqela ukusuka kwicala eliphezulu coil 2 kwaye uqukuqela ngaphandle kwicala elisezantsi coil 2. Icala elingaphakathi coil eliphezulu 2 iba N kunye icala elingaphakathi coil esezantsi 2 iba S.. Imagnethi esisigxina itsalwa yimagnethi yayo kwaye iyeke ukujikeleza ngama-90 ngasekunene.③ Misa i-current kwi-coil 2, ukwenzela ukuba i-current iqukuqele ukusuka kwicala lasekunene le-coil 1 kwaye iphume kwicala lasekhohlo lekhoyili 1. Ngaphakathi kwekhoyili ekhohlo 1 iba ngu-S, kwaye ngaphakathi kwekhoyili yasekunene 1. iba N.. Umazibuthe osisigxina utsalwa yimagnethi yayo, kwaye ujikeleza ngasekunene ukuze ayeke amanye ama-90 degrees.④ Misa i-current kwi-coil 1, ukwenzela ukuba i-current igeleze isuka kwicala elingezantsi le-coil 2 kwaye iphume kwicala eliphezulu le-coil 2. Ngaphakathi kwekhoyili ephezulu 2 iba ngu-S, kwaye ngaphakathi kwekhoyili icoil esezantsi 2 iba N.. Umazibuthe osisigxina utsalwa yimagnethi yayo, kwaye ujikeleza ngasekunene ukuze ayeke amanye ama-90 degrees.I-motor yokunyathela inokujikelezwa ngokutshintsha ikhoyo ngoku equkuqelayo kwikhoyili ngokulandelelana okungentla ukusuka ku-① ukuya ku-④ ngesekethe ye-elektroniki.Kulo mzekelo, isenzo ngasinye sokutshintsha siya kujikeleza i-motor steping ngo-90. Ukongezelela, xa i-current iqhubeka ihamba nge-coil ethile, inokugcina imeko yokumisa kwaye yenza ukuba i-motor stepping ibe ne-torque yokubamba.Ngendlela, ukuba i-current ejikelezayo kwi-coil iguqulwa, i-motor stepper inokujikelezwa kwelinye icala.
