I-14 Taboos yokuFakela iiVavu
Taboo 1
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi luya kwenziwa kwiqondo lokushisa elibi kulwakhiwo lwasebusika.Isiphumo: Ngenxa yokuba umbhobho unqanda ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lovavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi, umbhobho unqanyuliwe.Imilinganiselo: Zama ukwenza uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi ngaphambi kobusika, kwaye uvuthele amanzi emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo, ngakumbi amanzi akwivalve kufuneka asuswe, ngaphandle koko i-valve iya kukhenkceka kwaye iqhekeke.Xa uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi kufuneka luqhutywe ebusika, kufuneka luqhutywe kwiqondo lokushisa elihle langaphakathi, kwaye amanzi kufuneka aqhunyiswe acocekile emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo.Xa uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi lungenakwenziwa, umoya ocinezelweyo ungasetyenziselwa uvavanyo.
Taboo II
Inkqubo yombhobho ayizange ihlanjwe ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba igqitywe, kwaye isantya sokuhamba kunye nesantya sasingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhlanjwa kwemibhobho.Novavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo lwamanzi lusetyenziselwa ukukhupha amanzi endaweni yokugungxulwa.Isiphumo: Umgangatho wamanzi awukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwesixokelelwano semibhobho, nto leyo edla ngokukhokelela ekuncitshisweni okanye ekuvalelekeni kwecandelo lemibhobho.Imilinganiselo: Ukugungxula ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu wokuhamba koyilo kwinkqubo okanye umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwamanzi ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-3m/s. Iya kuthathwa njengefanelekileyo ukuba umbala kunye nokungafihlisi kwamanzi akhutshiweyo kuhambelana nombala kunye nokungafihli kwendawo yokungena. amanzi ngokubonakalayo.
Ugutyulo lwamanzi amdaka, amanzi emvula kunye nemibhobho econdekileyo iya kufihlwa ngaphandle kovavanyo lokuvala amanzi.Isiphumo: Inokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi kunye nelahleko kubasebenzisi.Imilinganiselo: Uvavanyo lwamanzi oluvaliweyo luya kujongwa kwaye lwamkelwe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha.Umngcwabo ongaphantsi komhlaba, isilingi, igumbi lemibhobho kunye nolunye ugutyulo olufihliweyo, amanzi emvula, imibhobho yecondensate, njl.
I-Taboo yesi-4 Ngexesha lovavanyo lwamandla e-hydraulic kunye novavanyo lokuvuza kwenkqubo yepayipi, kuphela utshintsho lwexabiso loxinzelelo kunye nenqanaba lamanzi libonwa, kwaye ukuhlolwa kokuvuza akwanele.Isiphumo: Inkqubo yombhobho ivuza emva kokusebenza, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.Imilinganiselo: Xa inkqubo yepayipi ivavanywa ngokweemfuno zokuyila kunye neenkcukacha zokwakha, ngaphezu kokurekhoda ixabiso loxinzelelo okanye ukuguqulwa komgangatho wamanzi ngexesha elichaziweyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga ngokucophelela ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki yokuvuza.Taboo 5 Iiflange zevalvu eziqhelekileyo kwiiflange zevalvu yebhabhathane.Iziphumo: Ubungakanani beflange yevalve yebhabhathane yahlukile kuleyo yeflange yevalvu eqhelekileyo, kwaye ezinye iiflange zinedayamitha encinci yangaphakathi, ngelixa idiski yevalve yebhabhathane inkulu, ekhokelela ekusileleni ukuvula okanye ukuvuleka kanzima, ngaloo ndlela yonakalisa ivalve.Imilinganiselo: Iflange kufuneka yenziwe ngokobukhulu becala levalve yebhabhathane.Akukho migodi egciniweyo kunye neengxenye ezifakwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokwakha, okanye imingxuma egciniweyo incinci kakhulu ngobukhulu kwaye iindawo ezidibeneyo aziphawulwanga.Umphumo: Ngethuba lokwakhiwa kweprojekthi yokufudumeza kunye nococeko, isakhiwo sesakhiwo sichithwa, kwaye kunye ne-bar eqinisiweyo iyanqunyulwa, echaphazela ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwesakhiwo.Amanyathelo: Ziqhelanise nemizobo yokwakha yeprojekthi yokufudumeza kunye nococeko ngononophelo, kwaye usebenzisane ngokukhutheleyo nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokwakha ukugcina imingxuma kunye neendawo ezifakwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zofakelo lwemibhobho kunye nezixhaso kunye nee-hangers, ngokubhekisele ngokuthe ngqo kwiimfuno zoyilo. kunye neenkcukacha zokwakha.Taboo 7 Xa udityaniswa imibhobho, amalungu ashukumayo emibhobho awekho kumgca osembindini emva kokudityaniswa kweempundu, kungashiyi msantsa kwindawo yokudityaniswa kwempundu, kwaye imibhobho eneendonga ezingqindilili ayigungxulwanga, ngoko ke ububanzi nobude beweld bungadibani. iimfuno zemigaqo yokwakha.Umphumo: ukuchithwa kombhobho akukho kumgca ophakathi, ochaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-welding kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo.Akukho msantsa ushiywe kwindibaniselwano yeempundu, umbhobho ongqindilili-engqindilili awuwuhlambi umjelo, kwaye i-welding ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla xa ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld kungahambelani neemfuno.Imilinganiselo: Emva kokudityaniswa kweempundu zemibhobho, imibhobho akufanele igxadazele, kwaye kufuneka ibe kumgca osembindini, kukho izithuba ezishiywe kumdibaniso weempundu.Imibhobho eneendonga ezishinyeneyo kufuneka ichetywe, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld kufuneka idityaniswe ngokweemfuno zenkcazo.
Taboo 8 Lo mbhobho ungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba onomkhenkce kunye nomhlaba ongacocwanga, kwaye isithuba nendawo yokumisa imibhobho ayifanelekanga, nokuba kukwimo yezitena ezomileyo.Isiphumo: Umbhobho wonakaliswe kwinkqubo yokuxinwa kwe-backfill ngenxa yenkxaso engazinzanga, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwakhona nokulungiswa.Imilinganiselo: Umbhobho awusayi kungcwatywa kumhlaba onomkhenkce okanye kumhlaba ongacocwanga, izithuba zeepiers ziyakuhlangabezana neemfuno zemigaqo yolwakhiwo, kwaye ipadi yokuxhasa iya kuqina, ngakumbi kujongano lwemibhobho, kwaye ayisayi kuthwala amandla okucheba.Iintsika zezitena kufuneka zakhiwe ngodaka lwesamente ukuqinisekisa imfezeko nokuqina.I-Taboo ye-9 Izinto eziphathekayo zebholithi yokwandisa ukulungiswa kwe-bracket ye-pipeline iphantsi, i-aperture yokufaka i-bolt yokwandisa inkulu kakhulu, okanye i-bolt yokwandisa ifakwe eludongeni lwezitena okanye kwindonga yokukhanya.Iziphumo: isibiyeli sombhobho sikhululekile, kwaye umbhobho wonakele okanye uyawa.Imilinganiselo: iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe kwiibholithi zokwandisa, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, iisampuli kufuneka zithathwe ukuhlolwa kovavanyo.Ububanzi bomngxuma wokufaka i-bolts yokwandisa akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-2mm, kwaye i-bolts yokwandisa kufuneka isetyenziswe kwizakhiwo eziphathekayo.I-Taboo ye-10 I-flange kunye ne-gasket yoxhumo lombhobho ayinamandla ngokwaneleyo, kwaye iibholiti zokudibanisa zifutshane okanye zincinci ububanzi.Iipadi zerabha zisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza imibhobho, iipadi ze-asbestos zisetyenziselwa imibhobho yamanzi abandayo, kwaye iipads eziphindwe kabini okanye iipads ezithambekele zisetyenziswa, kunye neepads ze-flange ziphuma kwimibhobho.Iziphumo: i-flange joint ayiqinanga, okanye yonakaliswe, ibangele ukuvuza.I-gasket ye-flange iphuma kumbhobho, eya kwandisa ukuchasana nokuhamba kwamanzi.Imilinganiselo: I-Flange kunye ne-gasket yombhobho kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo lwemibhobho yoxinzelelo lokusebenza.I-flange gasket yokufudumeza kunye nombhobho wokubonelela ngamanzi ashushu kufuneka ibe yi-rubber asbestos gasket;Igasket yerabha kufuneka isetyenziswe kwi-flange gasket yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi.I-gasket ye-flange ayiyi kuphuma kumbhobho, kwaye i-excircle yayo kufuneka ifikelele kwi-flange bolt hole.Iipads ze-bevel okanye ii-gaskets ezininzi aziyi kufakwa phakathi kwe-flange.Ububanzi bebholiti edibanisa i-flange kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-2mm, kwaye ubude bentonga ye-bolt ephuma kwi-nut kufuneka ibe yi-1/2 yobunzima be-nut.Indlela yokufaka iValve ye-Taboo 11 ayilunganga.Umzekelo, indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi (umphunga) yevalve yokumisa okanye ivalve yokukhangela ichasene nophawu, isiqu sevalve sifakwe ezantsi, ivalve yokukhangela efakwe ngokuthe tye ifakwe ngokuthe tye, umqheba wevalve yesango elivulekileyo okanye ivalve yebhabhathane inesivalo sevalve. akukho ndawo yokuvula kunye nokuvala, kunye nesiqu sevalve yevalve efihliweyo ayijonganga umnyango wokuhlola.Iziphumo: Ukusilela kwevalvu, ugcino lokutshintsha kunzima, kunye nesiqu sevalvu ukuhla kudla ngokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi.Imilinganiselo: Faka i-valve ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokufakela i-valve.Iivalvu zesango ezivulekileyo kufuneka zibe nomphakamo owaneleyo wokwandiswa kwesikhondo sevalve.Iivalve zebhabhathane kufuneka ziqwalasele ngokupheleleyo isithuba sokujikeleza somqheba, kwaye zonke iintlobo zezikhondo zevalvu akufuneki zibe ngaphantsi kunendawo ethe tye, singasathethi ke ngokuhla.I-valve efihliweyo ayifanele ixhotyiswe kuphela ngomnyango wokuhlola ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvula nokuvala i-valve, kodwa ne-valve stem kufuneka ibhekane nomnyango wokuhlola.
I-Taboo 12 Iinkcukacha kunye neemodeli zeevalvu ezifakiweyo azihambelani neemfuno zoyilo.Ngokomzekelo, uxinzelelo lwe-valve lungaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo;Xa ububanzi bombhobho wesebe lokunikezelwa kwamanzi bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-50mm, i-valve yesango isetyenziswa;Imibhobho eyomileyo nethe nkqo yokufudumeza kwamanzi ashushu isebenzisa iivalvu zokumisa;Umbhobho wokufunxa wempompo yomlilo wamkela ivalve yebhabhathane.Umphumo: uya kuchaphazela ukuvulwa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuvalwa kwe-valve kunye nokulungelelanisa imisebenzi efana nokuchasana kunye noxinzelelo.Nokuba kubangele ukuba i-valve yonakaliswe kwaye inyanzeliswe ukuba ilungiswe ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo.Imilinganiselo: Ziqhelanise nomda wokusetyenziswa kweevalvu ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukhethe ukucaciswa kunye neemodeli zeevalvu ngokweemfuno zoyilo.Uxinzelelo oluncinci lwevalvu luya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zoxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo.Ngokweemfuno zeenkcukacha zokwakha: ububanzi bombhobho wesebe lokunikezelwa kwamanzi bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-50mm, kwaye i-valve yokumisa kufuneka yamkelwe;Xa ububanzi bombhobho bukhulu kune-50mm, i-valve yesango kufuneka yamkelwe.Iivalvu zesango kufuneka zisetyenziselwe iivalvu zokulawula ezomileyo nezithe nkqo zokufudumeza amanzi ashushu, kwaye iivalvu zebhabhathane akufanele zisetyenziswe kwimibhobho yokufunxa yeempompo zomlilo.
Taboo 13 Ukusilela ukwenza uhlolo olufunekayo lomgangatho phambi kofakelo lwevalvu.Iziphumo: I-valve switch ayiguquki ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo, kwaye i-valve ayivalwanga ngokufanelekileyo, okubangela ukuba kwenzeke into yokuvuza kwamanzi (umphunga), okubangele ukuphinda kusebenze kunye nokulungiswa, kunye nokuchaphazela ukunikezelwa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo (umphunga).Imilinganiselo: Ngaphambi kofakelo lwevalvu, amandla oxinzelelo kunye novavanyo lokuvuza kufuneka lwenziwe.Uvavanyo luya kuqhutywa ngesampulu ye-10% yebhetshi nganye (i-brand efanayo, inkcazo efanayo kunye nemodeli efanayo) kwaye ingabi ngaphantsi kwesinye.Kwiivalve ezivaliweyo ezifakwe kumbhobho oyintloko wokunqumla, iimvavanyo zamandla kunye nokuqina kufuneka zenziwe nganye nganye.Amandla evalve kunye noxinzelelo lovavanyo lokuvuza kuya kuhambelana neKhowudi yoKwamkelwa koMgangatho woKwakha woNikezelo lwaManzi oKwakha kunye noGutyulo kunye nobuNjineli boKufudumeza (GB 50242-2002).Taboo 14 Ezona mathiriyeli, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo zimfutshane kumaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa okanye izatifikethi zemveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yangoku yesizwe okanye yomphathiswa.Iziphumo: umgangatho weprojekthi awufanelekanga, kwaye kukho iingozi ezifihlakeleyo zeengozi, ngoko ke ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa ngexesha kwaye kufuneka ihlaziywe kwaye ilungiswe;Ukulibaziseka kwexesha lokwakha kunye nokwanda kwabasebenzi kunye negalelo lezixhobo.Imilinganiselo: izinto eziphambili, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziselwa unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi kunye neeprojekthi zokufudumeza kunye nococeko kufuneka zibe namaxwebhu omgangatho wobugcisa okanye iziqinisekiso zemveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yangoku ekhutshwe ngurhulumente okanye uMphathiswa;Igama lemveliso, imodeli, iinkcukacha, ikhowudi yomgangatho wesizwe, umhla wefektri, igama lomenzi kunye nendawo, kunye nesatifikethi sokuhlolwa kwemveliso yasefektri okanye ikhowudi iya kuboniswa.
Ezi zilandelayo zezinye iimveliso zenkampani yethu
