Injini yophukile ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-inverter isebenza njengedemon?Funda imfihlo phakathi kwenjini kunye ne-inverter kwinqaku elinye!
Abantu abaninzi baye bafumanisa isiganeko somonakalo we-inverter kwi-motor.Ngokomzekelo, kumzi-mveliso wempompo yamanzi, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, abasebenzisi bayo bavame ukuxela ukuba umpompo wamanzi wonakaliswe ngexesha lewaranti.Ngaphambili, umgangatho weemveliso zomzi-mveliso wempompo wawuthembekile kakhulu.Emva kophando, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ezi mpompo zamanzi zonakalisiwe zonke ziqhutywa zii-frequency converters.
Ukuvela kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kuzise izinto ezintsha kulawulo oluzenzekelayo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokonga amandla eemoto.Imveliso yemizi-mveliso phantse ayinakwahlulwa kubaguquli bamaza.Nakubomi bemihla ngemihla, ii-elevator kunye ne-inverter air conditioners ziye zaba yinxalenye eyimfuneko.Abaguquli beefrikhwensi sele beqalisile ukungena kuzo zonke iikona zemveliso kunye nobomi.Nangona kunjalo, i-frequency converter izisa iingxaki ezininzi ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili, phakathi kwazo umonakalo kwimoto yenye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo.
Abantu abaninzi baye bafumanisa isiganeko somonakalo we-inverter kwi-motor.Ngokomzekelo, kumzi-mveliso wempompo yamanzi, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, abasebenzisi bayo bavame ukuxela ukuba umpompo wamanzi wonakaliswe ngexesha lewaranti.Ngaphambili, umgangatho weemveliso zomzi-mveliso wempompo wawuthembekile kakhulu.Emva kophando, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ezi mpompo zamanzi zonakalisiwe zonke ziqhutywa zii-frequency converters.
Nangona isenzeko sokuba isiguquli esiphindaphindayo sonakalise imotor siye satsala umdla ngakumbi nangakumbi, abantu abakayazi indlela yokwenziwa kwesi siganeko, singasathethi ke ngendlela yokuthintela.Injongo yeli nqaku kukusombulula oku kubhideka.
Inverter umonakalo kwimoto
Umonakalo we-inverter kwi-motor uquka imiba emibini, umonakalo we-stator winding kunye nomonakalo wokuthwala, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 1. Olu hlobo lomonakalo luyenzeka ngokubanzi kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezilishumi, kwaye ixesha elithile lixhomekeke. kwi-brand ye-inverter, i-brand ye-motor, amandla e-motor, i-frequency carrier ye-inverter, ubude bentambo phakathi kwe-inverter kunye ne-motor, kunye nobushushu be-ambient.Zininzi izinto ezinxibeleleneyo.Ukonakala kwangaphambili ngengozi yemoto kuzisa ilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho kwimveliso yeshishini.Olu hlobo lwelahleko alukho nje iindleko zokulungiswa kweemoto kunye nokutshintshwa, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ilahleko yezoqoqosho ebangelwa kukumiswa kwemveliso engalindelekanga.Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa i-frequency converter ukuqhuba i-motor, ingqwalasela eyaneleyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwingxaki yomonakalo wemoto.
Inverter umonakalo kwimoto
Umahluko phakathi kwe-inverter drive kunye ne-industrial frequency drive
Ukuqonda indlela yokuba kutheni iimotor frequency zamandla zinokonakala kakhulu phantsi kwemeko ye-inverter drive, qala uqonde umahluko phakathi kombane we-inverter driven motor kunye nevolthi yamandla ombane.Emva koko ufunde ukuba lo mahluko unokuyichaphazela njani i-motor.
Isakhiwo esisisiseko somguquli we-frequency siboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, kubandakanywa iinxalenye ezimbini, isiphaluka sokubuyisela kunye ne-inverter circuit.Isekethe yokuhlaziya isekethe ye-DC yokuphuma kwamandla ombane eyenziwe ziidiode eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-capacitors zokucoca, kwaye i-inverter yesekethe iguqula umbane we-DC ube yi-pulse width modulated voltage waveform (PWM voltage).Ke ngoko, i-voltage waveform ye-inverter-driven motor yi-pulse waveform enobubanzi be-pulse eyahluka-hlukeneyo, endaweni ye-sine wave voltage waveform.Ukuqhuba i-motor nge-pulse voltage sesona sizathu somonakalo olula wemoto.
Ubume be-Inverter Ukonakala kweMotor Stator Winding
Xa i-voltage ye-pulse ihanjiswa kwikhebula, ukuba i-impedance yekhebula ayihambelani nokuphazamiseka komthwalo, ukubonakaliswa kuya kwenzeka ekupheleni komthwalo.Isiphumo sokubonakaliswa kukuba i-wave yesiganeko kunye ne-wave ebonakalisiweyo ifakwe phezulu ukuze yenze i-voltage ephezulu.I-amplitude yayo inokufikelela kabini kwi-voltage yebhasi ye-DC kakhulu, malunga nokuphindaphinda kathathu igalelo lombane we-inverter, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3. I-voltage ephezulu kakhulu yongezwa kwikhoyili ye-motor stator, ebangela ukutshitshiswa kombane kwikhoyili. , kwaye ukothuka rhoqo kwe-overvoltage kuya kubangela ukuba injini isilele kwangaphambi kwexesha.
Emva kokuba i-motor eqhutywa sisiguquli se-frequency ichatshazelwa yi-voltage ephezulu, ubomi bayo bokwenyani bunxulumene nezinto ezininzi, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ungcoliseko, ukungcangcazela, amandla ombane, amaza ombane, kunye nenkqubo yokugquma ikhoyili.
Okukhona iphezulu i-frequency carrier ye-inverter, kokukhona isiphumo se-waveform yangoku sisondela kwi-sine wave, eya kunciphisa ubushushu bokusebenza bemoto kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokugquma.Nangona kunjalo, i-frequency carrier ephezulu ithetha ukuba inani le-spike voltages elenziwe ngesekhondi likhulu, kwaye inani lokothuka kwimoto likhulu.Umzobo we-4 ubonisa ubomi bokugquma njengomsebenzi wobude bekhebula kunye ne-frequency carrier.Inokubonwa kumfanekiso wokuba intambo yeenyawo ezingama-200, xa i-frequency carrier inyuswa ukusuka kwi-3kHz ukuya kwi-12kHz (utshintsho lwamaxesha ama-4), ubomi bokufakelwa buyancipha ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-80,000 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-20,000 (umahluko we amaxesha ama-4).
Impembelelo yoMthwali wamaxesha amaninzi kwi-Insulation
Ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa kwemoto, bufutshane ubomi be-insulation, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 5, xa izinga lokushisa liphakama ukuya kuma-75 ° C, ubomi bemoto bungama-50 kuphela.Kwimoto eqhutywa yi-inverter, kuba amandla ombane e-PWM aqulethe izinto eziphakamileyo, iqondo lobushushu lemoto liya kuba phezulu kakhulu kunolo lwe-voltage frequency drive.
Ubume be-Inverter Ukonakala kweMotor
Isizathu sokuba i-frequency converter yonakalise ukuthwala i-motor kukuba kukho i-current ejikelezayo kwi-bearing, kwaye le yangoku ikwimeko yoxhulumaniso oluphakathi.Isiphaluka soqhagamshelwano oluphakathi luya kuvelisa i-arc, kwaye i-arc iya kutshisa ukuthwala.
Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokuqukuqela kwangoku kwiibheringi ze-AC motor.Okokuqala, umbane owenziweyo oveliswa kukungalingani kwendawo yangaphakathi ye-electromagnetic, kwaye okwesibini, indlela yangoku ye-high-frequency yangoku ebangelwa yi-stray capacitance.
Umhlaba wemagnethi ngaphakathi kweyona moto ifanelekileyo ye-AC induction i-symmetrical.Xa ama-currents of three-phase windings alingana kwaye izigaba zihluke nge-120 °, akukho mbane uya kunyanzeliswa kwi-shaft ye-motor.Xa imveliso yombane ye-PWM yi-inverter ibangela ukuba indawo yamagnetic ngaphakathi kwimoto ibe yi-asymmetrical, i-voltage iya kunyanzeliswa kwi-shaft.Uluhlu lwe-voltage yi-10 ~ 30V, ehambelana nombane wokuqhuba.Ukuphakama kwamandla ombane okuqhuba, ukuphakama kombane kwi-shaft.phezulu.Xa ixabiso lalo mbane lidlula amandla e-dielectric yeoli yokuthambisa kwi-bearing, indlela yangoku yenziwa.Ngexesha elithile ngexesha lokujikeleza kwe-shaft, i-insulation ye-oyile yokuthambisa iyayeka kwakhona.Le nkqubo ifana nenkqubo yokucima ukutshintshwa komatshini.Kule nkqubo, kuya kuveliswa i-arc, eya kuthi ikhuphe umphezulu we-shaft, ibhola, kunye nesitya se-shaft, ukwenza imigodi.Ukuba akukho vibration yangaphandle, iidimples ezincinci aziyi kuba nempembelelo enkulu, kodwa ukuba kukho ukunyakaza kwangaphandle, ii-grooves ziya kuveliswa, ezinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwemoto.
Ukongeza, iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba i-voltage kwi-shaft inxulumene nokuphindaphinda okusisiseko kombane ophumayo we-inverter.Okukhona usezantsi i-frequency esisiseko, kokukhona i-voltage iphezulu kwi-shaft kunye nokubi ngakumbi komonakalo.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokusebenza kwemoto, xa ukushisa kweoli ye-lubricating kuphantsi, uluhlu lwangoku luyi-5-200mA, umbane omncinci onjalo awuyi kubangela umonakalo kwi-bearing.Nangona kunjalo, xa i-motor iqhuba ixesha elithile, njengoko iqondo lokushisa kweoli ye-lubricating inyuka, i-peak current iya kufikelela kwi-5-10A, eya kubangela i-flashover kwaye yenze imigodi emincinci phezu kwendawo yokuthwala.
Ukukhuselwa kwee-motor stator windings
Xa ubude bentambo bungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-30, abaguquli banamhlanje ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuvelisa i-voltage spikes ekupheleni kwemoto, bufutshane ubomi benjini.Kukho iingcamango ezimbini zokuthintela umonakalo kwi-motor.Enye kukusebenzisa i-motor ene-insulation ephezulu yokujika kunye namandla e-dielectric (ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-variable frequency motor), kwaye enye kukuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa amandla ombane aphezulu.Umlinganiselo wangaphambili ufanelekile kwiiprojekthi ezisanda kwakhiwa, kwaye umlinganiselo wokugqibela ulungele ukuguqula iinjini ezikhoyo.
Okwangoku, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokukhusela iimoto zezi zilandelayo:
1) Faka i-reactor ekupheleni kwemveliso ye-converter frequency: Lo mlinganiso ngowona usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ndlela inefuthe elithile kwiintambo ezimfutshane (ngaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-30), kodwa ngamanye amaxesha umphumo awufanelekanga. , njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6(c ) kubonisiwe.
2) Faka isihluzi se-dv/dt ekupheleni kokuphuma kwesiguquli se-frequency: Lo mlinganiso ufanelekile kwiimeko apho ubude bentambo bungaphantsi kwe-300 yeemitha, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kancinane kunelo le-reactor, kodwa umphumo ube iphuculwe kakhulu, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6 (d) .
3) Faka isihluzi se-sine wave kwimveliso yesiguquli samaza: lo mlinganiselo ngowona ufanelekileyo.Kuba apha, i-PWM pulse voltage iguqulwa ibe yi-sine wave voltage, i-motor isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo ne-voltage frequency power, kwaye ingxaki ye-peak voltage isonjululwe ngokupheleleyo (nokuba inde kangakanani intambo, iya kubakho. akukho mandla ombane aphezulu).
4) Faka i-absorber yombane ophakamileyo kwi-interface phakathi kwekhebula kunye ne-motor: ukungonakali kwemilinganiselo yangaphambili kukuba xa amandla emoto ekhulu, i-reactor okanye isihluzo sinomthamo omkhulu kunye nobunzima, kwaye ixabiso lilinganiselwe. phezulu.Ukongeza, i-reactor Zombini isihluzi kunye nesihluzi ziya kubangela ukuhla kwe-voltage ethile, okuya kuchaphazela i-torque ye-motor.Ukusebenzisa i-inverter peak voltage absorber kunokoyisa ezi ntsilelo.I-SVA spike voltage absorber ephuhliswe yi-706 ye-Second Academy ye-Aerospace Science kunye ne-Industry Corporation yamkela ubuchwepheshe be-electronics yamandla aphezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula obukrelekrele, kwaye sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokusombulula umonakalo wemoto.Ukongeza, i-SVA spike absorber ikhusela iibheringi zemoto.
Isibambi sombane weSpike luhlobo olutsha lwesixhobo sokukhusela iimoto.Qhagamshela iitheminali zegalelo lamandla enjini ngokunxuseneyo.
I-1) I-peak voltage yokufumanisa isiphaluka ibona i-voltage amplitude kumgca wamandla wemoto ngexesha langempela;
2) Xa ubukhulu bombane oboniweyo budlula umda obekiweyo, lawula isiphaluka se-buffer ye-eneji ephezulu ukuze ufunxe amandla ombane ophakamileyo;
3) Xa amandla ombane wencopho egcwele isithinteli samandla encopho, ivalve yokulawula ukufunxa amandla iyavulwa, ukuze amandla aphezulu kwi-buffer akhutshelwe kwincopho yokufunxa amandla, kwaye amandla ombane aguqulwe abe bubushushu. amandla;
4) Iqondo lokushisa libeka iliso kwiqondo lokushisa le-absorber yamandla ephezulu.Xa iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu, ivalve yokulawula ukufunxa amandla encopho ivalwa ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukufunxwa kwamandla (phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba i-motor ikhuselwe), ukuze kuthintelwe i-absorption ye-voltage ephezulu ekutshiseni kakhulu kwaye ibangele umonakalo.umonakalo;
I-5) Umsebenzi wesiphaluka sokuxhamla kwangoku kukuthatha umbane kunye nokukhusela i-motor.
Xa kuthelekiswa nesi sihluzo se-du/dt esikhankanywe ngasentla, isihluzo se-sine wave kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhusela iimoto, i-absorber ephezulu ineenzuzo ezinkulu zobukhulu obuncinci, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nofakelo olulula (ufakelo oluhambelanayo).Ngokukodwa kwimeko yamandla aphezulu, inzuzo ye-absorber peak ngokwexabiso, umthamo, kunye nobunzima buvelele kakhulu.Ukongeza, kuba ifakwe ngokunxuseneyo, akusayi kubakho kuhla kwamandla ombane, kwaye kuya kubakho ukuhla kwamandla ombane kwi-du/dt filter kunye ne-sine wave filter, kwaye ukuhla kombane kwesihluzo se-sine wave kusondele kwi-10. %, eya kubangela ukuba i-torque ye-motor iyancipha.
I-Disclaimer: Eli nqaku liveliswe kwi-Intanethi.Umxholo wenqaku wenzelwe iinjongo zokufunda nokunxibelelana kuphela.I-Air Compressor Network ihlala ingathathi hlangothi kwiimbono kwinqaku.I-copyright yenqaku lelombhali wokuqala kunye neqonga.Ukuba kukho naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho, nceda uqhagamshelane ukuze ucime