Njengoko sonke sisazi, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samandla ehlabathi alahlekile ngenxa yeengxabano ezahlukeneyo, kwaye i-70% -80% yomonakalo koomatshini kunye nezixhobo emhlabeni kubangelwa ukukhuhlana.Ke ngoko, imbali yophuhliso loomatshini bethu bomntu ikwayimbali yomzabalazo wethu woluntu kunye nokungqubana.Kangangeminyaka emininzi, thina bantu besifuna ukoyisa ilahleko ebangelwa kukungqubana kwezixhobo zoomatshini.Ixabiso elinzima kakhulu lihlawulwe, nangona ezinye iimpumelelo zenziwe ukunciphisa ilahleko ebangelwa kukungqubuzana, kodwa akukho sisombululo sangempela kwingxaki ye-friction efunyenwe kwintsimi ye-tribology.Ilahleko yamandla kunye nezixhobo eziziswe kukungquzulana kuthi bantu kusekukhulu.Impembelelo ye-oyile yokuthambisa kwisixhobo sokusetyenziswa kwamandla ihlala ingahoywa.Zonke iinxalenye zezixhobo zonke zikhuhla omnye komnye ngexesha lokusebenza.Indima yeoli yokuthambisa kukuphepha ukungqubana okuthe ngqo okomileyo phakathi kwamacandelo.I-friction ayibangeli nje ukunxiba izixhobo, kodwa ukukhuhlana kuvelisa ukuchasana.Ukuba akukho lubrication, izixhobo aziyi kuphelelwa kuphela, kodwa kunye nokuchasana okwenziwa yi-friction kuya kudla amandla amaninzi okusebenza.
Undoqo wengxaki kukuba: Sihlala singakuhoyi ukuthanjiswa kwezixhobo, kwaye singayazi nendlela yokusebenzisa ioyile yokuthambisa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye asiyazi ubudlelwane phakathi kwayo nokonga amandla.
1. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuthambisa kunye nokonga amandla:
Ngezantsi, sisebenzisa imigaqo yomzimba elula ukuqonda indima yezithambiso kugcino lwamandla.Xa sisebenzisa amafutha kunye namandla ombane ukuqhuba izithuthi okanye ezinye izixhobo zemizi-mveliso, siguqula amafutha kunye namandla ombane kumandla ekinetic wesixhobo.Ukuba i-fuel kunye ne-electric energy i-100% iguqulwa ibe yi-kinetic energy, iyona ndawo ifanelekileyo, kodwa ayinakwenzeka ngokwenene, kuba kukho ukungqubuzana, kwaye inxalenye yamandla ilahlekile ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa.Xa usebenza, amandla E asetyenziswe sisixhobo ahlulwe abe ngamacandelo amabini:
E=W(k)+W(f), apho i-W(k) ingamandla e-kinetic okusebenza kwesixhobo, i-W(f) ngamandla asetyenziswa ukoyisa amandla okukhuhla ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nokoyisa ukukhuhlana kwintshukumo W(f) =f *S, apho u-S isixa senguquko yokufuduswa, amandla okukhuhlana kwintshukumo yento f=μFN apho iluxinzelelo olulungileyo, μ ngumlinganiso wokukhuhlana womphezulu woqhagamshelwano, ngokucacileyo, ubukhulu bomlinganiso wokukhuhlana. , amandla amakhulu okukhuhlana, kwaye Amandla amaninzi ayoyisa ukungqubana, kwaye i-coefficient of friction inxulumene noburhabaxa bomphezulu.Ngokusebenzisa i-lubrication, i-coefficient of friction of the surface yoqhagamshelwano iyancitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela idlala indima yokunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokugcina amandla.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, iJost Report yaseUnited Kingdom yenza izibalo.Kumazwe amaninzi, malunga ne-10% ye-gross national product (GNP) yasetyenziselwa indlela yokoyisa ukungqubana, kwaye inani elikhulu lezixhobo aziphumelelanga okanye zaye zachithwa ngenxa yokuguga nokukrazuka..I-Jost Report yenza uqikelelo lokuba i-1.3% ~ 1.6% ye-GNP inokugcinwa ngokusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi ye-tribology, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi ye-tribology ngokwenene kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezithambisi ezifanelekileyo.
2. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokhetho lweoyile yokuthambisa kunye nokonga amandla:
Ngokucacileyo, i-oyile yokuthambisa inokunciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu we-friction, kodwa i-oyile yokuthambisa yimveliso yeekhemikhali enamalungu antsonkothileyo.Makhe sijonge ukubunjwa kweoyile yokuthambisa: Ioyile yokuthambisa: ioyile yesiseko + izongezo Igrisi: i-oyile yesiseko + i-thickener + additive.
Phakathi kwazo, i-oyile yesiseko inokwahlulwa ibe yi-oyile yamaminerali kunye ne-oyile yokwenziwa, kunye neoli ye-mineral ihlulwe ibe yi-API yohlobo lweoli, i-oyile yohlobo lwe-API II, i-oyile yohlobo lwe-API III.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeeoli zokwenziwa, eziqhelekileyo ziyi-PAO / SHC, i-GTL, i-PIB, i-PAG, i-oyile ye-ester (ioli ye-diester, i-polyester oil POE), ioli ye-silicone, i-PFPE.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezongezo, ukuthatha i-oyile ye-injini njengomzekelo, kubandakanywa i-detergents kunye ne-dipersants, i-anti-wear-wear agents, i-antioxidants, i-anti-rust agents, i-viscosity index iphucula, i-anti-foaming agents, njl., kunye nabavelisi abahlukeneyo baneentlobo ezahlukeneyo. izongezo.Ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuphucula isalathisi se-viscosity, kukho iindidi ezininzi.Kuyabonakala ukuba ioli yokuthambisa ayilula njengoko sicinga.Ngenxa yokwakheka kweekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-gap ekubunjweni nasekuqulunqeni iteknoloji iya kubangela ukungafani ekusebenzeni kweoli yokuthambisa.Ngoko ke, umgangatho weoli yokuthambisa uhlukile, kwaye akwanelanga ukusetyenziswa ngokungaqhelekanga.Kufuneka sikhethe ngeliso elibukhali.Ioyile yokuthambisa ekumgangatho ophezulu ayinakuxhathisa kuphela ukunxiba kunye nokuthintela ukunxitywa kwezixhobo, kodwa ikwanceda ukonga amandla ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
3. I-oyile yokuthambisa yenza kuphela i-1% ~ 3% yenkcitho epheleleyo yogcino lwezixhobo!
Utyalo-mali kwi-oyile yokuthambisa lumalunga ne-1% ~3% yotyalo-mali lulonke kulondolozo.Impembelelo yale 1% ~ 3% inxulumene nemiba emininzi: ubomi benkonzo yexesha elide lwezixhobo, izinga lokungaphumeleli, izinga lokungaphumeleli lichaphazela ixesha lokuphumla kunye nemveliso, kunye neendleko ezihambelanayo zokugcinwa, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, njl. Iingxaki zokuthanjiswa azibangeli nje umonakalo amacandelo, kodwa nokunyusa iindleko zabasebenzi bolondolozo.Ukongeza, ukuvalwa okubangelwa kukungaphumeleli, ukusilela kwezixhobo, kunye nokusebenza okungazinzanga kuya kubangela ukulahleka kwezinto kunye nemveliso.Ngoko ke, utyalo-mali kule 1% lunokunceda iinkampani zigcine iindleko ezinxulumene nemveliso.Ezinye iinkcitho zezixhobo, abasebenzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, iindleko zokulondolozwa kunye nezixhobo.
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ngakumbi uphuhliso lwe-nanotechnology, thina bantu sifumene iindlela ezintsha kunye namathuba okoyisa ingxabano kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko ebangelwa kukungqubana.Iqondwa ngokusebenzisa i-nanotechnology kwintsimi yokruthakruthwano.Kwi-situ ukuziphilisa kwemigangatho yentsimbi egugileyo usebenzisa i-nanotechnology.Umphezulu wesinyithi u-nanometerized, ngaloo ndlela uphucula amandla, ukuqina, ukuqina komphezulu, ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-corrosion ye-metal surface, kunye nokufezekisa injongo yokunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kweendawo zetsimbi ukuya kubuncinci.ke ngoko.Ikwafezekise injongo yabantu bethu yokuzabalazela amandla, izixhobo, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye neenzuzo ezisuka kungquzulwano.
I-oyile yokuthambisa yomoya yemveli "yioyile elungileyo" logama nje ingenayo i-gel kunye ne-carbon deposit ngexesha lokutshintsha kweoyile?Nokuba kunjani ukunxitywa kunye nobushushu obusebenzayo beebheringi eziphambili ze-injini, iigiya, kunye neerotor zamadoda nabasetyhini, ngoku kukho itekhnoloji ye-lubricant ye-automotive ephezulu efakwe kwi-compressor lubrication yomoya, ezisa ukonga ngakumbi, ukuzola, kunye nokuphila ixesha elide emoyeni. icompressor.Sonke siyazi ukuba izithambiso ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba.Kusekho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamava kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nobomi be-injini!Ukusebenza kweoyile yokuthambisa icompressor yomoya ayihoywa ngabakhiqizi abaninzi, abarhwebi kunye nabasebenzisi.Abantu abangafundanga babukele uchulumanco, yaye iingcali zibukele emnyango.Ukwaziswa kobuchwephesha bokuthambisa iimoto kwisicelo se-screw air compressors kunolu phuculo lulandelayo:
1. Nciphisa ukusebenza kwangoku, ngenxa yokuba amandla okubetha kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-shear yomjikelezo wokuthambisa kuyancipha, ukusebenza kwangoku kwe-22 kW emoyeni compressor ngokuqhelekileyo kuncitshiswe ngaphezu kwe-2A, ukonga i-1KW ngeyure, kunye neeyure ze-8000 zokutshintsha kweoli. umjikelo unokugcina ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe8000KW;2 , Ukuzola, umamkeli oqhelekileyo wothulula uthule ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye ingxolo yomamkeli iphantsi kwimeko yokulayisha.Esona sizathu siphambili kukongeza izinto ezongezelelweyo ezine-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokukhuhlana, eyenza ukuba ukusebenza kube silky, kwaye umphathi onomsindo unokuphuculwa kakhulu;3. Ukunciphisa i-jitter, izinto zokuzilungisa zenza Uluhlu lwe "nano-diamond ball" kunye "nefilimu ye-nano-diamond" yenziwe phezu kwesinyithi esisebenzayo, esiya kuhlala ixesha elide;4. Ukunciphisa iqondo lokushisa, kwaye kuqhelekile ukuba i-compressor yomoya imise kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.Ukusebenza okuphezulu kweoyile yokuthambisa kunciphisa ukukhuhlana kunye nobushushu, kwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal, Ukunciphisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo beebheringi, iigiya, kunye neerotors zamadoda nabasetyhini;5. Yandisa ubomi beoli yokuthambisa.Ukongeza kwi-gelling okanye ubomi be-oyile yokuthambisa emisela ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation, enye into ebalulekileyo yiqondo lokushisa kwendawo ye-meshing extrusion.Iqondo lobushushu lamanqaku lehla ukusuka kwi-300°C ukuya kwi-150°C.Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lingenye yezizathu zokuphulwa kwe-lubricating oil molecular chain kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-carbon deposits kwi-samente;6. Yandisa ubomi benjini engundoqo.Izinto eziphathekayo, ukwenza umaleko wefilimu ekhuselayo ye-nano-level kwindawo yokubaleka, ukwenzela ukuba iindawo zetsimbi zingathintani kwaye zingalokothi zinxibe, ngaloo ndlela ziqinisekisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yomninimzi.
I-oyile yokuthambisa i-anti-ukunxiba igcina amandla: gcina umbane omninzi ngeyure, kwaye umamkeli uya kuhlala iminyaka eliqela!Ukukhathalela abathengi kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zexabiso eliphezulu!Manene nani manene, nisacinga ukuba zonke ioyile zokuthambisa ziyafana?